This is a list of the chemical elements, sorted by density measured at standard temperature and pressure. (The first elements from hydrogen to radon are gases at normal room temperatures.)
Name | Symbol | Density (g/cm³) | Atomic number | Description/Mohs' hardness | Color | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrogen | H | 0.00008988 | 1 | gas | diatomic | |
Helium | He | 0.0001785 | 2 | gas | ![]() |
lowest boiling and melting pts |
Neon | Ne | 0.0008999 | 10 | noble gas | ![]() |
|
Nitrogen | N | 0.0012506 | 7 | gas | diatomic | |
Oxygen | O | 0.001429 | 8 | gas | diatomic | |
Fluorine | F | 0.001696 | 9 | halogen gas | yellow-green or yellowish brown | |
Argon | Ar | 0.0017837 | 18 | noble gas | ![]() |
|
Chlorine | Cl | 0 | 17 | halogen gas | yellowish green or greenish yellow | |
Krypton | Kr | 0.003733 | 36 | noble gas | ![]() |
forms compounds with fluorine and clathrates with water |
Xenon | Xe | 0.005887 | 54 | noble gas | ![]() |
|
Radon | Rn | 0.00973 | 86 | noble gas | radioactive, comes from radium | |
Lithium | Li | 0.534 | 3 | 0.6 | ![]() silvery white/gray |
use it in batteries |
Potassium | K | 0.862 | 19 | 0.4 | ![]() silvery white |
forms lots of compounds |
Sodium | Na | 0.971 | 11 | 0.5 | ![]() waxy, silvery white |
burns with a yellow flame, reacts violently with water and oxidizes in air necessitating storage in an inert environment |
Rubidium | Rb | 1.532 | 37 | 0.3 | ![]() silvery-white |
|
Calcium | Ca | 1.54 | 20 | 1.75 | ![]() gray |
|
Magnesium | Mg | 1.738 | 12 | 2.5 | ![]() silvery metallic |
is very brittle |
Phosphorus | P | 1.82 | 15 | nonmetal | ![]() waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless |
Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element in nature. |
Beryllium | Be | 1.85 | 4 | brittle 5.5 | ![]() gray metallic |
|
Francium | Fr | 1.87 | 87 | radioactive alkali metal | alkali metal isotope found in uranium and thorium ores | |
Caesium | Cs | 1.873 | 55 | 0.2 | ![]() silvery gold |
liquid at or near room temperature. |
Sulfur | S | 2.067 | 16 | 2.0 | ![]() lemon yellow |
|
Carbon | C | 2.267 | 6 | (graphite) 1-2 (diamond) 10.0 | ![]() black or colorless when diamond |
|
Silicon | Si | 2.3296 | 14 | metalloid | ![]() dark gray, bluish tinge |
|
Boron | B | 2.34 | 5 | 9.3 | ![]() black/brown/ amorphous boron is a brown powder, metallic boron is black. |
The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a poor conductor at room temperature. |
Strontium | Sr | 2.64 | 38 | 1.5 | ![]() a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element |
The metal turns yellow when exposed to air. somewhat malleable. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. |
Aluminium | Al | 2.698 | 13 | 2.75 | ![]() silvery |
non-magnetic, high reflectance |
Scandium | Sc | 2.989 | 21 | transition metal | ![]() soft, silvery, develops a slightly yellowish or pinkish cast when exposed to air. |
not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of nitric acid(HNO3) and 48% HF |
Bromine | Br | 3.122 | 35 | halogen | ![]() gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster |
a red volatile liquid at standard room temperature. This element is corrosive to human tissue |
Barium | Ba | 3.594 | 56 | 1.25 | ![]() metallic |
Naturally occurring barium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. There are twenty-two isotopes known, but most of these are highly radioactive and have half-lifes in the several millisecond to several minute range. The only notable exceptions are 133Ba which has a half-life of 10.51 years, and 137mBa (2.6 minutes). |
Yttrium | Y | 4.469 | 39 | transition metal | ![]() silvery metallic |
two of its compounds are used to make the red color phosphors in cathode ray tube displays |
Titanium | Ti | 4.540 | 22 | 6.0 | ![]() silvery metallic |
corrosion-resistant (including resistance to sea water and chlorine, high tensile strength |
Selenium | Se | 4.809 | 34 | 2.0 | ![]() gray, metallic luster |
Selenium has at least 29 isotopes, of which 5 are stable, and 6 are nuclear isomers. |
Iodine | I | 4.93 | 53 | halogen solid that sublimes at standard temperatures into a purple-pink gas that has an irritating odor | ![]() violet-dark gray, lustrous |
least reactive of the halogens |
Europium | Eu | 5.243 | 63 | lanthanide | ![]() |
|
Germanium | Ge | 5.323 | 32 | 6.0 | ![]() |
|
Radium | Ra | 5.50 | 88 | almost pure white, readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black | Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Radium also produces neutrons when mixed with beryllium. | |
Arsenic | As | 5.776 | 33 | 3.5 | ![]() metallic gray, allotropic forms; yellow, black and grey |
poisonous |
Gallium | Ga | 5.907 | 31 | 1.5 | ![]() |
|
Vanadium | V | 6.11 | 23 | 7.0 | ![]() |
|
Lanthanum | La | 6.145 | 57 | 2.5 | ![]() |
|
Tellurium | Te | 6.232 | 52 | 2.25 | ![]() silvery lustrous gray |
|
Zirconium | Zr | 6.506 | 40 | 5.0 | ![]() |
|
Antimony | Sb | 6.685 | 51 | 3.0 | ![]() silvery lustrous grey |
|
Cerium | Ce | 6.770 | 58 | 2.5 | ![]() resembles iron |
|
Praseodymium | Pr | 6.773 | 59 | soft | ![]() silvery white, yellowish tinge |
|
Ytterbium | Yb | 6.965 | 70 | |||
Astatine | At | Approximately 7 | 85 | |||
Neodymium | Nd | 7.007 | 60 | |||
Zinc | Zn | 7.134 | 30 | |||
Chromium | Cr | 7.15 | 24 | |||
Promethium | Pm | 7.26 | 61 | |||
Tin | Sn | 7.287 | 50 | soft metal | ||
Indium | In | 7.310 | 49 | soft metal | ||
Manganese | Mn | 7.44 | 25 | |||
Samarium | Sm | 7.52 | 62 | |||
Iron | Fe | 7.874 | 26 | metal | ||
Gadolinium | Gd | 7.895 | 64 | |||
Terbium | Tb | 8.229 | 65 | |||
Dysprosium | Dy | 8.55 | 66 | |||
Niobium | Nb | 8.570 | 41 | |||
Cadmium | Cd | 8.69 | 48 | |||
Holmium | Ho | 8.795 | 67 | |||
Cobalt | Co | 8.86 | 27 | |||
Nickel | Ni | 8.912 | 28 | |||
Copper | Cu | 8.933 | 29 | |||
Erbium | Er | 9.066 | 68 | |||
Polonium | Po | 9.32 | 84 | |||
Livermorium | Lv | >9.32 | 116 | |||
Thulium | Tm | 9.321 | 69 | |||
Bismuth | Bi | 9.807 | 83 | |||
Moscovium | Mc | >9.807 | 115 | |||
Lutetium | Lu | 9.84 | 71 | |||
Lawrencium | Lr | >9.84 | 103 | |||
Actinium | Ac | 10.07 | 89 | radioactive metallic element. glows in the dark with an eerie blue light. | ||
Molybdenum | Mo | 10.22 | 42 | |||
Silver | Ag | 10.501 | 47 | |||
Lead | Pb | 11.342 | 82 | |||
Flerovium | Fl | >11.342 | 114 | |||
Technetium | Tc | 11.50 | 43 | |||
Thorium | Th | 11.72 | 90 | |||
Thallium | Tl | 11.85 | 81 | |||
Nihonium | Nh | >11.85 | 113 | |||
Palladium | Pd | 12.020 | 46 | |||
Ruthenium | Ru | 12.37 | 44 | |||
Rhodium | Rh | 12.41 | 45 | |||
Hafnium | Hf | 13.31 | 72 | |||
Einsteinium | Es | 13.5 (Estimate) | 99 | |||
Curium | Cm | 13.51 | 96 | |||
Mercury | Hg | 13.5336 | 80 | |||
Copernicium | Cn | >13.5336 | 112 | |||
Americium | Am | 13.69 | 95 | |||
Berkelium | Bk | 14.79 | 97 | |||
Californium | Cf | 15.10 | 98 | |||
Protactinium | Pa | 15.37 | 91 | |||
Tantalum | Ta | 16.654 | 73 | |||
Rutherfordium | Rf | 18.1 | 104 | |||
Uranium | U | 18.95 | 92 | |||
Tungsten | W | 19.25 | 74 | |||
Gold | Au | 19.282 | 79 | |||
Roentgenium | Rg | >19.282 | 111 | |||
Plutonium | Pu | 19.84 | 94 | |||
Neptunium | Np | 20.25 | 93 | |||
Rhenium | Re | 21.02 | 75 | |||
Platinum | Pt | 21.46 | 78 | |||
Darmstadtium | Ds | >21.46 | 110 | |||
Iridium | Ir | 22.56 | 77 | |||
Osmium | Ir | 22.59 | 76 | |||
Seaborgium | Sg | 35 (Estimate) | 106 | |||
Meitnerium | Mt | 35 (Estimate) | 109 | |||
Bohrium | Bh | 37 (Estimate) | 107 | |||
Dubnium | Db | 39 (Estimate) | 105 | |||
Hassium | Hs | 41 (Estimate) | 108 |
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The original article was at List of elements by density. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Chemistry, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |